Mid-Century Modern Homes That Shaped the Future of Architecture Design (2024)

Mid-Century Modern Homes That Shaped the Future of Architecture Design (1)

During the 20th century, architects turned their attention from traditional designs to more original aesthetics. While many Modernist movements capture this interest in the experimental, mid-century modern architecture has resonated over decades to remain a popular style today.

Though inspired by the unprecedented designs of Frank Lloyd Wright and the avant-garde approach of Bauhaus artists, Mid-Century Modern put a novel spin on architecture. Here, we explore the groundbreaking genre, highlighting its unique look and key characteristics.

Table of Contents hide

1 What is Mid-Century Modern?

2 Defining Features of Mid-Century Modern Architecture

2.1 Minimalist Aesthetic

2.2 Emphasis on the Outdoors

2.3 Angular Structures

2.4 Functional Design

3 Key Examples

3.1 Gropius House by Walter Gropius

3.3 Eames House, Case Study House No. 8 by Charles Eames and Ray Eames

3.4 Farnsworth House by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

3.5 Schröder House by Gerrit Rietveld

3.6 Stahl House by Pierre Koenig

3.7 Glass House by Philip Johnson

4 Frequently Asked Questions

4.1 What defines mid-century modern?

4.2 What are the characteristics of mid-century modern architecture?

What is Mid-Century Modern?

Mid-Century Modern Homes That Shaped the Future of Architecture Design (2)

Photo: Carol M. Highsmith via Wikimedia Commons, Public domain

Mid-century modern denotes a style of design that was popularized from the 1930s through the 1960s. Characterized by a contemporary, seemingly futuristic aesthetic and an emphasis on function, the mid-century modern movement influenced many types of design. These include interior, product, industrial, and graphic design, as well as urban planning and architecture, which remains the most well-known mid-century modern example.

Originating in Europe, this style was brought to America by Marcel Breuer, Walter Gropius, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, architects who also played key roles in the Bauhaus movement.

Defining Features of Mid-Century Modern Architecture

Most mid-century modern homes showcase three predominant characteristics: a clean, minimalist aesthetic, an emphasis on bringing the outdoors in, and the presence of angular structures.

Minimalist Aesthetic

In the middle of the 20th century, many artists began working in anabstract style, re-imagining traditional art and pioneering a new aesthetic. This interest in abstract forms is also present in the architecture of the time, as demonstrated by mid-century modern's minimalist appearance.

Flat planes, clean lines, and little ornamentation characterize both the exteriors—which often feature monochromatic brickwork and pops of color—and the matching interiors of mid-century modern homes.

This no-fuss approach to design exhibited both the movement's unique aesthetic and its focus on functionality.

Emphasis on the Outdoors

Mid-Century Modern Homes That Shaped the Future of Architecture Design (5)

Photo: Grant Rimbey (Own work) via Wikimedia Commons, Attribution

Another key characteristic of the mid-century modern house is its relationship with nature. Architects working in this style often incorporated large windows and open floor plans into their designs, which provided scenic views and let in lots of light. Additionally, sliding glass doors enticed and encouraged residents to go outside and explore their surroundings.

Angular Structures

Mid-Century Modern Homes That Shaped the Future of Architecture Design (6)

Photo: Caroline Culler (User:Wgreaves) (Own work) via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0

To showcase their unmistakably modernist approach to everyday architecture, mid-century modern architects employed geometric forms and asymmetrical compositions in their designs. Unlike structures built in popular preceding styles—including Beaux-Arts andArts and Crafts—mid-century modern homes exhibit little historic influence and lack visual formality.

Functional Design

Mid-Century Modern Homes That Shaped the Future of Architecture Design (7)

Master bedroom of the Gropius House (Photo: SHendry11 via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0)

The interior of mid-century modern homes was equally as important as the exterior. Inside, the emphasis is placed on functionality, meaning all aspects of the design are meant to make life easier and more efficient. In keeping with the other characteristics, the interior tends to be minimalist and Scandinavian in appearance.

Key Examples

Gropius House by Walter Gropius

Mid-Century Modern Homes That Shaped the Future of Architecture Design (8)

Photo: Magicpiano (Own work) via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0

Located in Lincoln, Massachusetts and built in 1938.

Lovell Beach House by Rudolph Schindler

Mid-Century Modern Homes That Shaped the Future of Architecture Design (9)

Photo: ikkoskinen (Lovell House, Newport Beach #3) via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0

Located in Newport Beach, California and built in 1926.

Eames House, Case Study House No. 8 byCharles Eames and Ray Eames

Mid-Century Modern Homes That Shaped the Future of Architecture Design (10)

Photo: Gunnar Klack (Own work) via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0

Located inPacific Palisades, California and built in 1949.

Farnsworth House byLudwig Mies van der Rohe

Mid-Century Modern Homes That Shaped the Future of Architecture Design (11)

Photo: Victor Grigas (Own work) via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0

Located in Plano, Illinois and built in1951.

Schröder House byGerrit Rietveld

Mid-Century Modern Homes That Shaped the Future of Architecture Design (12)

Photo: Andreas 2309 (Own work) via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0

Located inUtrecht, Netherlands and built in 1924.

Stahl House byPierre Koenig

Mid-Century Modern Homes That Shaped the Future of Architecture Design (13)

Photo: Ovs at English Wikipedia (Own work by the original uploader) via Wikimedia Commons, Public domain

Located in Los Angeles, California and built in 1960.

Glass House by Philip Johnson

Mid-Century Modern Homes That Shaped the Future of Architecture Design (14)

Photo: Staib (Own work) via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0

Located inNew Canaan, Connecticut and built in 1949.

Frequently Asked Questions

What defines mid-century modern?

Mid-century modern denotes a style of design that was popularized from the 1930s through the 1960s. Characterized by a contemporary, seemingly futuristic aesthetic and an emphasis on function, the mid-century modern movement influenced many types of design.

What are the characteristics of mid-century modern architecture?

Most mid-century modern homes showcase three predominant characteristics: a clean, minimalist aesthetic, an emphasis on bringing the outdoors in, and the presence of angular structures.

This article has been edited and updated.

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Mid-Century Modern Homes That Shaped the Future of Architecture Design (2024)

FAQs

What influenced mid-century modern architecture? ›

Influenced by the optimism of the post-World War II boom and by the exploration of a range of materials, including steel, concrete, and newly available insulated glass, the mainstays of midcentury-modern architecture remain appealing to this day.

What architectural style came after mid-century modern? ›

Postmodern architecture is a style or movement which emerged in the late 1950s as a reaction against the austerity, formality, and lack of variety of modern architecture, particularly in the international style advocated by Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchco*ck.

Which style of residential house became popular in the mid-century modern period? ›

Also known as Ramblers, Ranch-style homes became popular in mid-century for their open floor plans (sound familiar?) and modern styling. Typical ranch-style homes are long and often low.

Who is the father of mid-century modern architecture? ›

Frank Lloyd Wright, the father of modern architecture, actually trained many midcentury modern architects. After World War II, Americans put a major emphasis on lifestyle, family time, and spending time in nature.

What influenced mid-century modern interior design? ›

Mid century modern design originated as a reflection of the time's functional, clean, and simplistic needs. It represented a departure from past traditions and embraced a more modern and organic way of living. Mid century modern furniture features clean lines and simplicity, unlike frilly or overly ornate pieces.

Why is mid-century modern design so popular? ›

Midcentury pieces are simply well-designed objects, with a timeless look, says Sotheby's Holdeman. "[Midcentury modern designs] sit very well in contemporary homes and interiors—they still feel fresh today, they still feel modern. A lot of those pieces haven't been bettered. They still stand the test of time."

What is the 50s architecture style called? ›

Googie. Style of architecture and design first popular in the United States in the 1950s, typified by roadside buildings such as coffee shops, motels, gas stations, and signs.

What is contemporary vs mid-century modern architecture? ›

Contemporary design aesthetics do notably differ from that of modern and mid-century modern in that its colors tend to be starker and more saturated than the warmer, more subdued design colors of modern styles. It's also a bit curvier, as opposed to modern design's preference for straight lines.

When was mid-century modern architecture popular? ›

MC: The mid-century modern design aesthetic is considered one of the classics. Popular from the 1930s through the 1960s, it has timeless appeal and is instantly recognizable with its contemporary – almost futuristic – characteristics.

Is mid-century modern out of style? ›

Why the MCM aesthetic continues to dominate. What is it about mid-century modern furniture that makes it so enduring and desirable? Home design trends may come and go, but classic lines are always in style.

What defines a mid-century modern home? ›

Characterized by flat planes, large glass windows and open space, these homes -- built from 1945 to the 1980s -- featured simplicity and an integration with nature, encouraging residents to explore the world in new ways.

What city has the most mid-century modern homes? ›

–New York, NY ranked number one for the best city for mid century modern home buyers with a city score of 40.11 out of 50. –Palm Springs, CA offers the most MCM builds for sale per capita with 271.43 listings.

Who are the 4 fathers of modern architecture? ›

Le Corbusier, Mies van der Rohe, Frank Lloyd Wright, and Louis Kahn are four of the most notable architects to date. Read on to find out more about the creative process of these four leaders of the modern era, and why their projects and practices are still influential to our modern times.

What is mid century architecture? ›

Mid-century modern architecture is minimalist and emphasizes natural surroundings. It became popular after the Second World War.

Who was known for mid century modern design? ›

Mid Century Modern Furniture Designers Charles and Ray Eames

Together, they revolutionized furniture design, industrial design, and architecture with their innovative use of materials, technology, and aesthetics. Charles Eames was an American designer and architect, while Ray Eames was an artist and graphic designer.

Where did mid-century architecture come from? ›

Origins and Historical Context

Mid-Century Modern architecture emerged roughly between the 1930s and 1960s, flourishing in the aftermath of World War II. This period of post-war optimism, technological advancement, and a desire for a fresh start greatly influenced the architectural landscape.

What is the main influence of modernism architecture? ›

Pursuing order and universals in architecture, modernism utilized new materials and advanced technology and rejected old, traditional, historical ideas and styles, and ornamentation. Modernism emphasized function, simplicity, and rationality, and created new forms of expression with a new aesthetic.

What influenced modernist architecture? ›

Modern architecture was based upon new and innovative technologies of construction (particularly the use of glass, steel, and concrete); the principle functionalism (i.e. that form should follow function); an embrace of minimalism; and a rejection of ornament.

What is the development of mid modern architecture? ›

Mid-Century Modern Origins with Bauhaus

After the war in the 1930s and 1940s, artists in Europe began rejecting the traditional standards of art and architecture, which created a radical drive for innovation. Before the war, homes were typically highly decorative with interiors separated into distinct rooms.

References

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